Researchers have discovered a potential downside to a common class of anti-inflammatory drugs: they might make it easier for certain viruses to infect and spread within the body. This surprising finding comes from scientists at the Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU).
The drugs in question are Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitors, frequently prescribed for conditions like rheumatoid arthritis to manage inflammation. While effective at calming the immune system's overreactions, this suppression could inadvertently weaken the body's defenses against viruses.
According to Professor Denis Kainov from NTNU, the study identified that these JAK inhibitors can facilitate the spread of viruses such as Rift Valley fever virus, influenza A, adenovirus, and even SARS-CoV-2, the virus responsible for COVID-19.
The research, published in NAR Molecular Medicine, explains that JAK inhibitors interfere with a key immune signaling pathway. This pathway is crucial for protecting healthy cells from viral attacks, and by dampening it, the drugs leave the body more vulnerable.
Scientists used advanced techniques, including gene expression analysis and organoid models of lung, eye, and brain tissues, to confirm how JAK inhibitors, like the drug baricitinib, reduce the activity of genes essential for fighting viral infections.
These findings suggest that healthcare professionals should exercise caution when prescribing JAK inhibitors, especially during viral outbreaks or for patients with existing viral infections. The researchers emphasize the need for further studies to ensure these medications are used optimally, particularly in high-risk periods.
