Researchers at Edith Cowan University (ECU) have potentially uncovered a huge clean energy source hidden beneath Western Australia, with vast iron-rich geological formations showing promise for naturally generating hydrogen. This discovery could pave the way for a new domestic energy supply and a significant hydrogen export industry.
The scientific spotlight is on magnetite, a mineral plentiful in Western Australia's massive iron ore deposits, particularly in the Pilbara region. ECU's School of Engineering team discovered that when magnetite interacts with hot water under conditions mimicking the deep Earth, it can release hydrogen gas. What's more, they found a way to boost this process, suggesting that underground hydrogen production could potentially be enhanced on demand.
"Australia could be sitting on a massive, untapped energy reserve -- and the potential is enormous," stated Associate Professor Alireza Keshavarz. "There is enough hydrogen for Australia to benefit for generations, and potentially enough for us to become a major exporter of clean energy to the rest of the world."
To understand the process better, the researchers simulated deep underground conditions by exposing magnetite samples to water at 200°C under high pressure for 60 days. These experiments provided crucial insights into how natural hydrogen forms within rock and what factors are necessary for sustained production.
This finding is particularly relevant for Western Australia, home to some of the planet's largest banded iron formations. "Western Australia has some of the world's largest banded iron formations. If we can unlock this resource at scale, it could be transformative for our energy future," explained lead author Kaveh Moghanirahimi. "We even see the potential for Western Australia to strengthen its energy independence during times of crisis through access to this naturally generated hydrogen."
Professor Stefan Iglauer added that the results help bridge the gap between controlled laboratory experiments and understanding how hydrogen production might function in actual underground rock systems. The study also highlighted that the quantity of magnetite isn't the sole factor; the rock's structure, specifically its permeability to water, is equally vital for enabling water to reach fresh mineral surfaces.
